ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ³ª¿À´Â ȯ°æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Èï¹ÌÀÖ´Â °æÇè´ãµé,
¾Æ¸®¼ÛÇÏ°í ¿ª¼³ÀûÀÎ, ±× ¾Ë¼ö ¾ø´Â ¾ç»óµé. (¹ø¿ª: À̱¤±Ù)
Knuth, Brooks, ±è¿ë¿Á, Feynman, Eco, Grenier, Hilty, Botton, Hamming,
±î¸£¶ì¿¡, Çï·»ÄÌ·¯, ¾çÇý±Ô, Ç㿵¸¸, Google, ¼³²Ç¥, ¹öÁö´Ï¾Æ ¿ïÇÁ
³» Àλý¿¡¼ Á¦ÀÏ Ã¢ÀÇÀûÀ̾ú´ø
ÀϵéÀ» ²ÅÀ¸·Á°í ȸ°íÇØ º¸¸é, ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ¾î´À ÇÑ ½ÃÀý, °¡Àå ¸¹Àº
Á¦¾àÁ¶°Ç°ú À⹫·Î Ä¡ÀÌ°í ÀÖ¾ú´ø ½Ã±â¿¡ ÀϾ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°ÔµÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î
1967³âÀÌ µÇ°Ú´Âµ¥, ±× ÇØ´Â ³» Àλý¿¡¼ °¡Àå Á¤½Å¾ø´ø ½ÃÀýÀ̾úÁö¸¸
µ¿½Ã¿¡ ³» ¿¬±¸Áß¿¡¼ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù°í Æò°¡¹Þ´Â ¸¹Àº °á°úµéÀÌ »ù¼Ú¾Ò´ø Çà¿îÀÇ
ÇØÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. ¼Ó¼º ¹®¹ý (attribute grammar), Å©´©½º-º¥µñ½º ¿Ï¼º
(Knuth-bendix completion), LL(k)ÆÄ½Ì (LL(k) parsing) µîÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ±× ÇØ¿¡
³ª¿Â ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾îµéÀÌ´Ù. »ç½Ç ±× ÇØ¿¡ ³ª´Â ¿¬±¸ÇÒ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¾²°íÀÖ´ø
Ã¥(The Art of Computer Programming)ÀÌ °ð ÃâÆÇÀ» ÁغñÇÏ°í
ÀÖ¾ú°í, ÅÂ¾î³ ¾Ö±â µÑÀ» ¾Æ³»¿Í ÇÔ²² µ¹ºÁ¾ß Çß°í, Àá±ñ ÀÔ¿ø±îÁö Çϱ⵵
Çß¾ú°í, Caltech¿¡¼ÀÇ °ÀÇ ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡ ¿Ü±¹ÀÇ ´Ù¼¸ ³ª¶ó¿¡¼ ´Ù¼¸°¡Áö ´Ù¸¥
ÁÖÁ¦·Î °¿¬ÇÏ·¯ ´Ù´Ï±âµµ Çß¾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×·¯¸é¼µµ ³»°¡ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ
ÃÖ´ë·Î ¿¬±¸ ½Ã°£À» ÂÉ°³³»·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇß´Ù. ÇѹøÀº, ÇÐȸ¿¡ Âü°¡Çؼ´Â
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ³í¹®¹ßÇ¥ ¼¼¼ÇÀ» »©¸Ô°í Çغ¯¿¡ °¡¾É¾Æ¼ ³» ¿¬±¸¿¡ ¸ôµÎÇϱ⵵
Çß¾ú´Ù. ±× ½ÃÀýÀ» »ý°¢Çϸé Á¾Á¾ Àǹ®ÀÌÀδÙ, ³»°¡ ±× ÇØ¿¡ º¸´Ù ´õ
¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀ̾ú´Ù¸é ¾î¶®À»±î, ³» ¿¬±¸°¡ °ú¿¬ ´õ »ý»êÀûÀ̾úÀ»±î ´ú
»ý»êÀûÀ̾úÀ»±î?
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ³» °æÇè¿¡ ºñÃß¾î º¼ ¶§ ¿¬±¸¼Ò¸¦
Á¦ÀÏ Àß ¿î¿µÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº, ¿¬±¸Áøµé¿¡°Ô
ÁÁÀº ¿¬±¸½Ç¸»°í ´Ù¶ô¹æ°°Àº ÇüÆí¾ø´Â °÷¿¡¼ Áö³»µµ·Ï ÇÏ°í,
½ÉÇÏ°Ô´Â ¿¬±¸¿Í °ü·Ã¾ø´Â Àϵé±îÁö ½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ»óÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ̱ä
ÇÏ°ÚÁö¸¸, ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¦¾àÁ¶°ÇÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³õÀ¸¸é ÃÖ´ëÀÇ Ã¢ÀÇ·ÂÀÌ ¼Ú¾Æ³ª´Â
°ÍÀÌ »ç½ÇÀÎ°Í °°´Ù.
If I look back at my own life and try to pick out the parts that were
most creative, I can't help but notice that they occurred when I was
forced to work under the toughest constraints. For example, 1967 was
surely the most hectic year of my life, but that was the year when I
was lucky enough to come up with several ideas that are now considered
important, like "attribute grammar" and "Knuth-Bendix completion" and
"LL(k) parsing." I actually had no time to do research that year,
because The Art of Computer Programming was nearing
publication, and my wife and I had two babies to take care of, and I
needed to be hospitalized briefly, and I gave lectures in five
countries on five different subjects, in addition to the classes I was
teaching at Caltech. Yet I stole time to look at new things whenever I
could; for example, at one conference I remember that I skipped most
of the lectures so that I could sit on the beach and do research. I
often wonder whether I would have been more productive or less
productive if my life had been more stable that year.
My experiences suggest that the optimum way to run a research think
tank would be to take people's nice offices away from them and to make
them live in garrets, and even to insist that they do non-researchy
things. That's a strange way to run a research center, but it might
well be true that the imposition of such constraints would bring out
maximum creativity.
Donald E. Knuth, [Things A Computer Scientist Rarely Talks About],
CSLI Publications, 2001, pp.82-83.
ÃÖ»ó±ÞÀÇ ÀÎÀçµéÀÌ ¸ðÀÎ ¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÏ ¶§, ¶ó´Â °¡Á¤ÀÌ
ÀÖ¾î¾ßÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ»±î? ±×¸®°í, "Á¦¾àÁ¶°Ç°ú À⹫"¶ó°í ¹ø¿ªÇغ¸¾ÒÁö¸¸, (Å©)´©½º
¼±»ýÀÌ ¾ê±âÇϽô "constraints"¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ±Þ¼ö°¡ ²Ï ³ôÀº À⹫°¡
¾Æ´Ò±î Ȥ½Ã?
´Ù¸¥ ¿¹¼úÀ̳ª °ø¿¹ ºÐ¾ß¸¦ »ìÆìºÁµµ ¼ö·Ã/ÀýÁ¦/ÅëÁ¦/¼ö¾ç/Çü½Ä À̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ
ÁÁÀº ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹´Ù. ÇÑ ¿¹¼ú°¡ÀÇ ÀÏ°¥ÀÌ ÀÖÁö¾Ê´ø°¡, "Çü½ÄÀÌ
ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ °¡Á®¿À¸®¶ó." °ÇÃà¿¡¼ ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ °Ç¹°µéÀº ±× ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¸ðµÎ ±× ¸ñÀû¿¡
¸ÂÁö¾Ê°Ô dz¼ºÇÑ ¿¹»ê¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. ¹ÙÇÏÀÇ °æ¿ì ¸ÅÁÖ Á¦ÇÑµÈ ¾ç½ÄÀÇ
ÄŸŸ¸¦ ÀÛ°îÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¦¾àÀÌ ±×ÀÇ Ã¢ÀÇÀûÀÎ ÀÛ¾÷À» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇßÀ¸¸é
ÇßÁö ¾ï´©¸¥ °Í °°Áö´Â ¾Ê´Ù. È®½ÅÇϰǵ¥ IBMÀÇ [Stretch ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ]ÀÇ °æ¿ì
Á»´õ Á¦¾àÀÌ ¸¹¾Ò¾ú´Ù¸é ´õ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ Á¦Ç°ÀÌ µÇ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ý´ëÀÇ
°æ¿ì·Î, [System/360 Model 75]ÀÇ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¸é¸ð´Â [System/360
Model 30]ÀÇ ¿¹»ê¶§¹®¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ Á¦¾àÁ¶°ÇÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é °¡´ÉÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ»
°ÍÀ¸·Î ³ º»´Ù.
ºñ½ÁÇÑ °æ¿ì·Î ³»°¡ °Þ±â¿¡, ÄÄÇ»ÅͽýºÅÛÀ» ±¸ÇöÇÏ´Â ÆÀÀÇ Ã¢ÀǼºÀÌ
¿ÀÈ÷·Á Áõ´ëµÇ´Â °æ¿ì´Â, µðÀÚÀÎÆÀ°ú ±¸ÇöÆÀÀÌ ¸íÈ®È÷ ±¸ºÐµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¼
±¸ÇöÆÀÀº µðÀÚÀÎÆÀ¿¡°Ô¼ºÎÅÍ µðÀÚÀÎÀ» Àü´Þ¹Þ´Â Á¶Á÷±¸Á¶¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¸°ÔµÇ¸é ±¸ÇöÆÀÀº ´©±¸µµ ¸Â´Ú¶ß¸®Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø ¹®Á¦µé¿¡ °ð¹Ù·Î ÁýÁßÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ°í, ±×·¯¸é¼ âÀÇÀûÀÎ ¹ß¸íµéÀÌ ¹°È帣µí Èê·¯³ª¿À°ÔµÈ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥, ±¸ÇöÆÀÀÌ
ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô µðÀÚÀαîÁöµµ ÇÏ´Â Á¶Á÷ÀÌ µÇ¹ö¸®¸é, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ±Ã¸®¿Í ³íÀïÀº
½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ µðÀÚÀÎ »çÇ׵鿡 ´ëÇØ ½ñ°ÔµÇ°í ¸·»ó ±¸Çö ÀÚü´Â ¼ÒȦÈ÷
¾Æ¹«·¸°Ô³ª Ãë±ÞµÇ°ÔµÈ´Ù.
There are many examples from other arts and crafts that lead one to
believe that discipline is good for art. Indeed, an artist's aphorism
asserts, "Form is liberating." The worst buildings are those whose
budget was too great for the purposes to be served. Bach's creative
output hardly seems to have been squelched by the necessity of
producing a limited-form cantata each week. I am sure that the Stretch
computer would have had a better architecture had it been more tightly
constrained; the constraints imposed by the System/360 Model 30's
budeget were in my opinion entirely beneficial for the Model 75's
architecture.
Similarly, I observe that the external provision of an architecture
enhances, not cramps, the creative style of an implementing
group. They focus at once on the part of the problem no one has
addressed, and inventions begin to flow. In an unconstrained
implementing group, most thought and debate goes into architectural
decisions, and implementation proper gets short shrift.
Frederick P. Brooks, Jr.
[
The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering, anniversary
edition], Addison Wesley, 1995,
"Chapter 4: Aristocracy, Democracy, and System Design," pp.46-47.
±è ¿ë¿Á
õÇÏ¿¡ ÂѱâÁö ¾Ê°í ³ª¿À´Â ¸í¹®(Ù£Ùþ)À̶ó°í´Â ¾ø´Ù.
³»°¡ 1940³â´ë¿¡ ÇÁ¸°½ºÅÏ´ëÇп¡ ´Ù´Ò¶§ ÇÁ¸°½ºÅÏ °íµî¿¬±¸¿ø(Institute of
Advanced Study)¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ´ë´ÜÇÑ µÎ³úµé¿¡°Ô ÀÏ¾î³ ÀÏÀ» °üÂûÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. °íµî°úÇпøÀÇ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ¾öû³ µÎ³ú ¶§¹®¿¡ Ưº°È÷ ½ºÄ«¿ôµÇ¾î
ÃÖ´ëÇÑ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ¿¬±¸ÇÏ°í »ý°¢ÇÒ ¼ö Àִ ȯ°æÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁ³´Ù: ½£¼ÓÀÇ ¸ÚÁø
Áý¿¡ »ì¸é¼ ¿ÀÁ÷ »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ¿¬±¸¸¸Çصµ µÇ´Â ²Þ°°Àº ȯ°æ, °ÀÇÀÇ Àǹ«µµ
¾øÀÌ, ¾î¶°ÇÑ Àǹ«Á¶Ç×µµ ¾Æ¹«°ÍÀÌ ¾ø´Â. ÀÌ µüÇÑ ¶Ç¶óÀ̵éÀÌ ¾É¾Æ¼
¸í·áÇÑ ÀÌÄ¡µéÀ» ¸ðµÎ ±×µé ½º½º·Î ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô »ý°¢ÇÒ ¼ö Àִ ȯ°æÀ̾ú´Ü
¸»ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯´Ùº¸´Ï ÀÌ»óÇÏ°Ôµµ ±×µé¿¡°Ô¼± Çѵ¿¾È ¾Æ¹« ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾îµµ
³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù: ¹º°¡¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ±âȸ°¡ ÁÖ¾îÁ³´Âµ¥ ¾î¶²
¿¬±¸¾ÆÀ̵ð¾îµµ ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ü ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. ³»°¡ ¹Ï±â¿¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼´Â
¸ðÁ¾ÀÇ ÁËÀÇ½Ä È¤Àº ¿ì¿ï°¨ÀÌ ½º¸Ö½º¸Ö ¸¾¼Ó¿¡ ÀϾ°Ô µÇ°í, Ȥ½Ã
¿¬±¸¼º°ú°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ¾î¶»°ÔÇϳª °ÆÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô µÇ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í, ¾Æ¹«Àϵµ
ÀϾÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¾Æ¹« ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾îµµ ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê°íÀÖ´Ù.
¾Æ¹«Àϵµ ÀϾÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÁøÂ¥ ÀÏ°ú ÁøÂ¥ µµÀüÀÌ
ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù: Á¤¸»·Î ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷°ú Á¢ÃËÇÏ´Â Àϵµ ¾ø°í,
ÇлýµéÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ´äÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ±Ã¸®ÇÒ ÇÊ¿äµµ
¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ¾ø¾ú´Ù!
When I was at Princeton in the 1940s I could see what happened to
those great minds at the Institute for Advanced Study, who had been
specially selected for their tremendous brains and were now given this
opportunity to sit in this lovely house by the woods there, with no
classes to teach, with no obligations whatsoever. These poor bastards
could now sit and think clearly all by themseleves, OK? So they don't
get an idea for a while: They have every opportunity to do something,
and they're not getting any ideas. I believe that in a situation like
this a kind of guilt or deprerssion worms inside of you, and you begin
to worry about not getting any ideas. And nothing
happens. Still no ideas come.
Nothing happens because there's not enough real activity and
challenge: You're not in contact with the experimental guys. You don't
have to think how to answer questions from the students. Nothing!
Richard P. Feynman, [Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!], 1985, "Part
4: From Cornell to Caltech, with a touch of Brazil. The Dignified Professor,"
pp.165.
Umberto Eco
¼¼°è âÁ¶ÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô Çϱâ À§Çؼ´Â Á¦¾à Á¶°ÇÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ½É¾î µÑ
ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ½Ã¿¡¼ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¦¾à Á¶°ÇÀº À½·ü, °¢¿î, À²µ¿ÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π½Ã ¼Ó¿¡
ÀÚ¸®¸¦ Àâ´Â´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ À̸¥¹Ù "µè´Â ±Í¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¿î¹®(verse according to
ears)"À̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿òº£¸£Åä ¿¡ÄÚ, ['Àå¹ÌÀÇ À̸§' âÀÛ ³ëÆ®], ÀÌÀ±±â ¿Å±è, ¿¸°Ã¥µé,
2003³â, pp.44.
Jean Grenier
»çȸ ±¸Á¶ ±× ÀÚü, Ä«½ºÆ®ÀÇ ±¸ºÐ, º¹ÀâÇÑ Àǽĵé, »çȸ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© °³ÀÎÀ»,
Á¾±³¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© Àΰ£À» Áþ´©¸£´Â ¸ðµç °Í, [Áß·«] ±× ¸ðµç °Íµµ Á¤½ÅÀ¸·Î
ÇÏ¿©±Ý ±×ÀÇ °¡Àå ±ÍÁßÇÑ Àוּé·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇعæµÇ°Ô ÇÏ°í, Á¤½ÅÀÌ À̼ºÀÇ
¹ÛÀ¸·Î µµ¾àÇϵµ·Ï µµ¿ÍÁÖ´Â µ¥ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÇϳªÀÇ <ÀåÄ¡>¶ó´Â »ý°¢À»
ÇÏ¸é ¸¶À½¼Ó¿¡ ¿±¤ÀûÀÎ °ø°¨ÀÌ ¼Ú¾Æ¿À¸¥´Ù. [Áß·«]
´Ïü´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. <¼è»ç½½À» Â÷°í ÃãÀ» Ãßµµ´Ù.> ÀÌÅä·Ï °·ÂÇÑ ±¸¼ÓÀº
µ¿½Ã¿¡ ±×¿¡ ¹ö±Ý°¡´Â ÇعæÀ» ³º´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ±× ±¸¼ÓÀÇ Àǹ̰¡
¾Æ´Ï°Ú´Â°¡?
Àå ±×¸£´Ï¿¡, [¼¶], ±èÈ¿µ ¿Å±è, ¹ÎÀ½»ç, 1997³â, pp.141-142.
Carl Hilty
¶Ç ¾î¶² »ç¶÷Àº ¾î¶² °¨ÈïÀÌ ¼Ú¾Æ³ª´Â °ÍÀ» ±â´Ù¸®´Âµ¥, ±×·¯³ª °¨ÈïÀ̶ó´Â
°ÍÀº ÇÑâ ÀÏÇÒ ¶§ °¡Àå Àß ÀϾ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÏÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀº ±× ÀÏÀ»
ÇÏ´Ù º¸¸é ÃÖÃÊ¿¡ ±¸»óÇß´ø °Í°ú´Â ´Þ¶óÁö´Â °Ô º¸ÅëÀ̸ç, ¶Ç ÈÞ½ÄÀ»
ÃëÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â Á¤½Å¾øÀÌ ÀÏÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§¿Í °°Àº ÃæÁ·µÈ, ¶§·Î´Â Á¾·ù°¡
´Ù¸¥ Âø»óÀ» ¾ò±â¶õ ¾î·Á¿î ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ³ª¿¡°Ô À־ ÇϳªÀÇ °æÇèÀû
»ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù.
Ä® ÈúƼ, [ÀÏÇÏ´Â ±â¼ú]
(¿ÍŸ³ªº£ ¼îÀÌÄ¡, [ÁöÀû»ýÈ°ÀÇ ¹æ¹ý], ±è¿í ¿Å±è, ¼¼°æºÏ½º, 2000³â,
pp.174-175. ¿¡¼ ÀοëµÊ)
Á¤½ÅÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÀÏÀÌ ¿ÀÁ÷ »ý°¢»ÓÀÏ ¶§´Â Á¦´ë·Î ±× ÀÏÀ» Çس»Áö ¸øÇÏ´Â °Í
°°´Ù. ¸¶Ä¡ ³²ÀÇ ¿ä±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ³ó´ãÀ» Çϰųª ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸»Åõ¸¦ Èä³» ³»¾ß
ÇÒ ¶§Ã³·³ ±»¾î¹ö¸°´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Á¤½ÅÀÇ ÀϺΰ¡ ´Ù¸¥ ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â
¿Ü·Á »ý°¢µµ ½¬¿öÁø´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î À½¾ÇÀ» µè°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§³ª, ÁÙÁö¾î ´Ã¾î¼±
³ª¹«µéÀ» ´«À¸·Î ÁÀÀ» ¶§. ¿ì¸® Á¤½Å¿¡´Â ½Å°æÁõÀûÀÌ°í, °Ë¿°ü °°°í,
´çÀåÀÇ À̵濡 ÈÛ¾µ¸®´Â ºÎºÐÀÌ Àִµ¥, ÀÌ ºÎºÐÀº ÀǽĿ¡ ¹º°¡ ¾î·Á¿î
°ÍÀÌ ¶°¿À¸¦ ¶§¸é »ý°¢À» Â÷´ÜÇØ ¹ö¸®°ï ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °Ë¿°üÀº ±â¾ïÀ̳ª °¥¸ÁÀ̳ª
³»¼ºÀûÀÌ°í µ¶Ã¢ÀûÀÎ °ü³äµéÀº µÎ·Á¿öÇÏ¸é¼ ÇàÁ¤ÀûÀÌ°í ºñÀΰÝÀûÀÎ °ÍµéÀ»
ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. À½¾ÇÀ̳ª dz°æÀº ÀÌ·± Á¤½ÅÀÇ °Ë¿°üÀÌ Àá½Ã ÇÑ´«À»
ÆÈ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °Í °°´Ù.
¾Ë·© µå º¸Åë, [¿©ÇàÀÇ ±â¼ú] p.83. "¿©ÇàÀ» À§ÇÑ Àå¼Òµé¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©" +
[µ¿¹°¿ø¿¡ °¡±â] p.19. "½½ÇÄÀÌ ÁÖ´Â ±â»Ý".
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¿¬±¸È¯°æÀº ÃÖ°íÀÇ
¿¬±¸È¯°æÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¾Æ´Ï¿¹¿ä. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, ÀÚÁÖ ÀÖ´Â ÀÏÀε¥, »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿¬±¸
¼º°ú°¡ Á¦ÀÏ ÁÁÀº ¶§´Â ÁÖ·Î ¿¬±¸È¯°æÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ³ª»¦À» ¶§¶ø´Ï´Ù. Ä·ºê¸®Áö
¹°¸®ÇÐ ¿¬±¸½Ç(Cambridge Physical Laboratories)ÀÌ
ÁÁ¾Ò´ø ½ÃÀý Áß Çϳª´Â ¿¬±¸½ÇµéÀÌ ±×¾ß¸»·Î ÆÇÀÚÁýÀ̾úÀ» ¶§ ¿´½À´Ï´Ù.
±× ¶§ ±×µéÀº Áö±Ý±îÁö Áß ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¼º°ú¸¦ Àϱ¸¾î³ÂÁö¿ä.
³» °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ À̾߱⸦ ÇÏÁö¿ä. óÀ½ºÎÅÍ ³»°Ô´Â ºÐ¸íÇß¾î¿ä, º§
¿¬±¸¼Ò(Bell Labs)°¡ ³»°³ ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¸ÓµéÀ» ºÙ¿©ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °Å¶ó´Â°Ô.
ÀÌÁø¼ö·Î¸¸ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÇÏ´ø ´ç½Ã·Î¼´Â ±×·± ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¸ÓµéÀÌ Ç×»ó
ÀÖ¾îÁà¾ß ÀÏÀ» ÁøÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±Ùµ¥, ´ç½Ã º§ ¿¬±¸¼Ò¿¡¼´Â ³»°Ô ±×·±
ÆíÀǸ¦ ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °Å¶ó´Â °É ¾Ë¾ÒÁö¿ä. ±×·±µ¥ ±×°Ô ¸ðµç ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀÌ ÇÏ´Â
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»ý°¢ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ô µÇ°í ´ë°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¸»À̶õ°Ô, ``ÀÌ·±, ÃæºÐÇÑ ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¸Ó´Â ³»
°ç¿¡ ¾øÀ» °Å°í, ÀÌ »óȲ¿¡¼ ³»°¡ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» §´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô
°¡´ÉÀ̳ª ÇϳƸ»¾ß.''
°°Àº Á¾·ùÀÇ À̾߱â´Â ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¹À̽º È£ÆÛ(Grace Hopper)ÀÇ °æ¿ìµµ
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ÀϱųÀ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ ¿¬±¸ ȯ°æÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀº Âü ¹¦ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹Ù¶ó´Â
¿¬±¸È¯°æÀº ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô Ç×»ó ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¿¬±¸È¯°æÀÎ °Ç ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù.
What most people think are the best working conditions,
are not. Very clearly they are not because people are often most
productive when working conditions are bad. One of the better times of
the Cambridge Physical Laboratories was when they had practically
shacks ¡© they did some of the best physics ever.
I give you a story from my own private life. Early on it became
evident to me that Bell Laboratories was not going to give me the
conventional acre of programming people to program computing machines
in absolute binary. It was clear they weren't going to. But that was
the way everybody did it. I could go to the West Coast and get a job
with the airplane companies without any trouble, but the exciting
people were at Bell Labs and the fellows out there in the airplane
companies were not. I thought for a long while about, "Did I want to
go or not?" and I wondered how I could get the best of two possible
worlds. I finally said to myself, "Hamming, you think the machines can
do practically everything. Why can't you make them write programs?"
What appeared at first to me as a defect forced me into automatic
programming very early. What appears to be a fault, often, by a change
of viewpoint, turns out to be one of the greatest assets you can
have. But you are not likely to think that when you first look the
thing and say, "Gee, I'm never going to get enough programmers, so how
can I ever do any great programming?"
And there are many other stories of the same kind; Grace Hopper has
similar ones. I think that if you look carefully you will see that
often the great scientists, by turning the problem around a bit,
changed a defect to an asset. For example, many scientists when they
found they couldn't do a problem finally began to study why not. They
then turned it around the other way and said, "But of course, this is
what it is" and got an important result. So ideal working conditions
are very strange. The ones you want aren't always the best ones for
you.
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°ü·áÁÖÀÇ°¡ µÇÁö¾Êµµ·Ï Çϱâ.
Google has long been the envy of blue-sky thinkers and innovators who
admire its world-class and nonbureaucratic approach to innovation. But
even Google needs limits. The company has announced it would begin
using formal process to ensure that senior leaders give resources and
attention to the right ideas. Don't assume that processes and
constraints will inhibit innovation; they often accelerate it by
focusing creativity and ensuring that funding finds projects with the
highest returns. ... Just be sure that the process doesn't become a burden and
squash innovative ideas with unnecessary bureaucracy.
"Put Constraints on Innovation",
[Management Tips], Harvard Business Review, 2011
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¾ÆÀ̵ð¾îÀÇ »ê¹°µéÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
[Çѱ¹ ±³À°¿¡ ³²±â´Â ¸¶Áö¸· Ãæ¾ð], p.30, 21¼¼±âºÏ½º, 2013
[¿ì¸®´Â ´Þ¿¡ °¡±â·Î Çß´Ù]¿¡¼
»ç¶÷µéÀº ÈçÈ÷ °¡Áø °Ô ¸¹À»¼ö·Ï ´õ Å« Çõ½ÅÀ» ÀÌ·ê ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.
ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿¬±¸ °á°ú¿¡ µû¸£¸é ±× ¹Ý´ë´Ù.
âÀǼºÀ» À§Çؼ´Â ÀûÀ»¼ö·Ï ÁÁ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ±â¾ïÇÏÀÚ.
ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¿¹»êÀ̳ª ÀÚ¿øÀÌ Àý¹Ý »ÓÀ̰ųª ¸¶°¨ ±âÇÑÀÌ °©Àڱ⠹ÝÀ¸·Î
ÁÙ¾ú´Ù°í »ó»óÇغ¸¶ó. ¾î¶² Çõ½ÅÀûÀÎ °èȹÀ» ¼¼¿ì°Ú´Â°¡?
[Moonshot: What Landing a Man on the Moon Teaches Us About
Collaboration, Creativity, and the Mind-set for Success], Richard
Wiseman, 2019.
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ºÒ¾¦ ³¢¾îµé°í, µ·Àº ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°í, °Ç°Àº ¹«³ÊÁö°í. ´õ±º´Ù³ª, ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ»
´õ Èûµé°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Ç¸í³ôÀº ¼¼»óÀÇ ¹«°ü½ÉÀÌ´Ù. ¼¼»óÀº ½Ã/¼Ò¼³/¿ª»ç¸¦
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°ü½É¾ø´Â °Í¿¡ µ·À» ¾²Áö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯´Ï ÀÛ°¡ Å°ÀÌÃ÷, Ç÷κ£¸£,
Ä«¾Ë¶óÀÏÀº ƯÈ÷ ÇÑÂü ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ¿Õ¼ºÇÏ´ø ÀþÀº ½ÃÀý ¿Â°® ¾î·Á¿ò°ú Èѹ濡
³«½ÉÇß°í ±«·Î¿öÇß´Ù. °íÅëÀÇ ÀúÁÖ¿Í ¿ïºÎ¢À½, ÀÌ·± °ÍÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ
°í¹é·Ï°ú ÀÚ±âºÐ¼®¼µé¿¡ µå·¯³ªÀÖ´Ù. 'ºñÂüÇÑ Á×À½¿¡ óÇÑ °ÀÎÇÑ ½ÃÀÎ'
-- ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ±×µéÀÌ Áû¾îÁö´ø ³ë·¡´Ù.
And one gathers from this enormous modern literature of confession and
self-analysis that to write a work of genius is almost always a feat
of prodigious difficulty. Everything is against the likelihood that it
will come from the writer's mind whole and entire. Generally material
circumstances are against it. Dogs will bark; people will interrupt;
money must be made; health will break down. Further, accentuating all
these difficulties and making them harder to bear is the world's
notorious indifference. It does not ask people to write poems and
novels and histories; it does not need them. It does not care whether
Flaubert finds the right word or whether Carlyle scrupulously verifies
this or that fact. Naturally, it will not pay for what it does not
want. And so the writer, Keats, Flaubert, Carlyle, suffers, especially
in the creative years of youth, every form of distraction and
discouragement. A curse, a cry of agony, rises from those books of
analysis and confession. 'Mighty poets in their misery dead' -- that
is the burden of their song.
From the essay "A Room of One's Own" in [Liberty], Virgina Woolf,
Vintage Minis Series, Penguin Random House.
ReWork
"Á¦°¡ ½Ã°£/µ·/»ç¶÷/°æÇèµéÀÌ ÃæºÐÇÏÁö°¡ ¾Ê³×¿ä." ±×¸¸
¡¡´ë¶ó. ÀûÀº°Ç ÁÁÀº°Å´Ù. Á¦¾àÀº ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô À¯¸®ÇÏ´Ù. º¯ÀåÇÑ À¯¸®ÇÔÀÌ´Ù.
ÇÑÁ¤µÈ ÀÚ¿ø¶§¹®¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ôµç ±×°Í¸¸À¸·Î ÀÏÇÒ ¼ö ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù. ³¶ºñÇÒ
¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ°Ô ¿ì¸®¸¦ âÀÇÀûÀÌ µÇµµ·Ï ¸¸µç´Ù.
"I don't have enough time/money/people/experience." Stop
Whinning. Less is a good thing. Constraints are advantages in
disguise. Limited resrouces force you to make do with what you've
got. There's no room for waste. And that forces you to be creative.
From "Embrace constraints"(p.67) in [REWORK: Change the Way You Work
Forever], Jason Fried and David Heinemeier Hansson, Random House, 2010.